Diseases affecting the musculoskeletal system often also involve pain and limited mobility. Consequently, the main aims of musculoskeletal rehabilitationand the physiotherapy are to alleviate pain and restore the patient’s original level of mobility and quality of life.
As people get older, their bones, joints, spine and soft tissue become increasingly worn and damaged. Given that internal diseases such as diabetes and heart problems also increase with age, musculoskeletal rehabilitation often involves the treatment of multiple ailments. If several clinical pictures emerge at the same time, or if a person has undergone major musculoskeletal surgery, surgeons and attending doctors usually recommend an inpatient rehabilitation programme. However, if it is not necessary for the patient to stay at the hospital or clinic, they may be prescribed outpatient rehabilitation in the form of physiotherapy. This is often the case with acute, inflammatory and degenerative diseases if the patient is sufficiently mobile and independent.
Multiple therapeutic aims
Patients arrive in rehab with a diagnosis from their surgeon, specialist or family doctor, which is often accompanied by a list of therapeutic requirements. A comprehensive health assessment is conducted at the very beginning of the programme. Doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and nutritional therapists consult with the patient and carry out examinations to determine their existing health problems. Based on these results, the team creates an individual therapeutic plan and prescribes an appropriate amount of pain relieving medication. They also determine whether the patient requires any medical aids, orthopaedic equipment, social services or psychological support.
Increased strength and stamina
In addition to measures for alleviating pain, musculoskeletal rehabilitation typically focuses on physiotherapy and occupational therapy. Patients who recently underwent surgery also receive the necessary nursing care. Every day patients undergo several active and/or passive treatments, individually or as part of a group. Elderly patients in particular are advised to switch to a protein-rich diet, as this supports muscle development. All the specialists involved in the rehab programme encourage patients to be as active as possible, because this increases their confidence in their own physical abilities.
An overview of the three types of rehabilitation
Outpatient rehabilitation (Physiotherapy)
People who are still largely able to live independently can complete their rehabilitation as outpatients. Outpatient programmes focus on active therapies such as physiotherapy, occupational therapy and medical training therapy. If these measures do not generate sufficient success, inpatient musculoskeletal rehabilitation provides another option for achieving the desired results.
Inpatient rehabilitation
Inpatient rehabilitation is advisable if pain or limited independence make outpatient care impossible. This type of rehab involves active forms of therapy such as physiotherapy, occupational therapy and medical training therapy, as well as medical care and support. Before the patient is discharged, the necessary follow-up care is discussed with their family or a home care provider, as is the possibility of extending the treatment in an outpatient setting. If necessary, issues related to social services will also be clarified. The patient’s family doctor and/or attending specialist receive a comprehensive final report.
Interdisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation
Interdisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation is based on the services provided during inpatient rehabilitation, however the patient stays at home rather than at the hospital. For this type of musculoskeletal rehabilitation, health insurance companies will only cover the costs if there is a reasonable expectation that the patient’s condition will improve.
